Monday, May 6, 2013

Reciprocity Says...You Owe Me an(d) IOU


TOPIC: Reciprocity

SOURCE: Casual interaction with other members of a culture obsessed with payment and repayment of goods and services.

RELATION: Page 143 of RR tells that according to the principle of reciprocity, “giving a gift creates social ties with the person receiving it, who is obliged to reciprocate.”

DESCRIPTION: During the final weeks of the semester, students here at HSU find themselves at a busy time in their lives. Whether they are moving, working, or studying for finals, it seems that each student barely finds enough time even for themselves. So what is it that motivates students to insist upon reaching out to one another to offer help even in their busiest hours. Just the other day, as I found myself studying for a final, I was approached by a young lady who happens to be in one of my other classes. She asked for a bit of help on the material we were covering in class, and although I was very busy, I decided to help her. Once we managed to work through the assignment, she and her friends were very grateful and offered to repay me for my help by buying me dinner. And while that was very sweet, what they did not know was that the reason I had decided to take the time to help them in the first place was because I myself had received an hour or two of assistance from my best friend earlier in the day (which was the only reason I even knew how to demonstrate the concept from class). I had viewed the opportunity as a good way to spread the generosity that someone had first extended toward me—and to pay back a social debt, essentially.

COMMENTARY/ANALYSIS: This was a prime example of the social principle of reciprocity, with both parties involved in an exchange of services/goods feeling as though they owed something to the folks who had helped them, even if the gifts that were exchanged were simple non-commodities that are a bit more difficult to repay. We were all aware of the social obligations to repay the person who offered help, even if they “needn’t be limited to material goods” (RR 143). The giving and receiving of gifts, a tradition observed on so many of the holidays we celebrate here in the US, has trained us all to recognize when it is not only necessary to offer a gift, but to repay a gift that has first been offered to us. In this way, we have become traditional practitioners of the social principle of reciprocity here in the 21st century, not believing that we should ever remain indebted to a person for an extended period of time, but rather work to reimburse and even reward the person to whom our debts are owed before we can put our minds at ease.

Friday, May 3, 2013

It's All in the Family (and the Culture): What Makes A Family 'Typical'


TOPIC: Family Composition and Ideals

SOURCE: “Certain features of the typical American family stand out” (RR 110).

RELATION: Chapter 5 in ANTHRO outlines the traditions and tendencies of families in Trobriand, Ju/wasi, and traditional Chinese societies. This led me to think about the composition of families in my life and the reasons they exist in the ways that they do.

DESCRIPTION: Upon moving into a dormitory with hundreds of other first-year freshmen, I was not exactly sure what I should anticipate or expect. As one of seven children, I did not think it strange that I would be sharing a restroom with so many other girls on the floor, and I was certainly not new to the idea of having a roommate. To other girls, however, these things seemed strange, and these differences sparked conversation on what we all consider to compose the typical family in America—we all thought we had one. But what we found out was that all of our families seemed to be made up in very different ways with many sorts of people. So we looked for similarities between the many groups that we call families. We found that I came from the largest group, including the most siblings as well as cousins. (I was also the only one of the group who had been raised by a member of the extended family, my Aunt Mindy, which would explain why I was also the only one who readily included cousins and other members of kin in the discussion when asked about my family back home.) Others had situations unfamiliar to me, though, and it seemed that everyone had very different backgrounds and ideas of what they would think to be typical of a family. A common trend I noticed was a household of two siblings, which most people in the group agreed to be “normal.” This was followed, of course, by the count of parents at two: a mother and a father. A few people, including myself, interjected and explained that we had more, and sometimes fewer, parents due to circumstances including divorce, remarriage, and death.

COMMENTARY/ANALYSIS: What we all managed to gather from this talk was the fact that while our situations all varied, we all had somewhat similar views when it came to what we figured other cultures might consider being “typical” of a family in American culture. And from there, we reasoned why we all seemed to think of that particular sort of family as “normal” despite the fact that none of our own families fit that expectation very closely. We knew we at least had basic understandings of what exactly composes a family in this culture, with consideration for both the family of orientation (father, mother, self, siblings) and the family of procreation (husband, wife, and their children). The ties between our various homes became clearer, too, once families from other cultures beside our own came into the picture. None of us even thought to consider the fact that some people might not even think of both a father and a mother when we think of the rearing of a child. We thought, of course, of the situation in which either of those parents might not be present, but we acknowledged it as just that: an absence, as if something was missing and everyone would consider it thusly. It did not seem usual to us that the people of another culture might not even take into account the contribution made by both a male and female parent in the birth and raising of the next generation. We were thinking of our families in terms of deviations from a standard set by “norms” in the media and the families of our friends. However, there exist many types of families and many different ideas of what it would mean for that family to be “typical”, such as in the Trobriand Islander, Ju/wasi, and Chinese farming families of the world.